Magrahat II is a community development block that forms an administrative division in Diamond Harbour subdivision of South 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal.
Video Magrahat II
History
Land reforms
During 1946-1950 the Tebhaga movement in several parts of the 24 Parganas district led to the enactment of the Bargadari Act. Although the Bargadari Act of 1950 recognised the rights of bargadars to a higher share of crops from the land that they tilled, it was not implemented. Large tracts, beyond the prescribed limit of land ceiling, remained with the rich landlords. In 1967, West Bengal witnessed peasant uprising against non-implementation of land reforms legislation, starting from Kheyadaha gram panchayat in Sonarpur CD Block. From 1977 onwards major land reforms took place in West Bengal under the Left Front government. Land in excess of land ceiling was acquired and distributed amongst the peasants. Subsequently, "Operation Barga" was aimed at securing tenancy rights for the peasants. In Magrahat II CD Block 407.19 acres of land was acquired and vested. Out of this 267.28 acres or 70.54% of the vested land was distributed. The total number of patta holders was 1,582.
Maps Magrahat II
Origin of name
Some say that once upon a time this place are occupied by Mog pirates.They set up a Hat (village market). That Hat are well known in the name of Mograhat.Inhabitant of Arakan province near Chhattagram of Bangladesh was called as Mog.Portugease pirates help them to come here. Acoording to a researcher Mogra is a such place where different flow of river meet each other.Such type of place we find in Mogra in Hooghly district near Tribeni . Another Mogra we find in Sagar island. One of inland transport river Banai flowed from here.This oblivion river touched Mandirbazar,Lakshmikantapur.Beluni, Chandipur and atlast met with Gobdia Gang (one of the Creek of Sundarbon islands.About sixty-seventy years ago Mograhat was well connected with Jaynagar Majilpur with a canal.
Geography
Location
Magrahat is located at 22°14?25?N 88°22?42?E.
Magrahat II CD Block is bounded by Bishnupur I and Baruipur CD Blocks in the north, Jaynagar I CD Block in the east, Mandirbazar CD Block in the south and Magrahat I CD Block in the west.
It is located 27 km from Alipore, the district headquarters.
Area and administration
Magrahat II CD Block has an area of 136.93 km2 Magrahat police station serves this CD Block. Magrahat II panchayat samity has 14 gram panchayats. The block has 83 inhabited villages. Headquarters of this block is at Magrahat.
Topography
South 24 Parganas district is divided into two distinct physiographic zones: the marine-riverine delta in the north and the marine delta zone in the south. As the sea receded southwards, in the sub-recent geological period, a large low-lying plain got exposed. Both tidal inflows and the rivers have deposited sediments in this plain. The periodical collapse of both the natural levees and man-made embankments speed up the process of filling up the depressions containing brackish water wetlands. The marine delta in the south is formed of interlacing tidal channels. As non-saline water for irrigation is scarce, agriculture is monsoon-dominated. Some parts of the wetlands are still preserved for raising fish.
Gram panchayats
Gram panchayats of Magrahat II block/panchayat samiti are Amratala, Dehikalash, Dhamua North, Dhamua South, Dhanpota, Gokarni, Hotor Maryada, Jugdia, Mograhat East, Mograhat West, Mohanpur, Multi, Nainan and Urel Chandpur.
Demographics
Population
As per 2011 Census of India Magrahat II CD Block had a total population of 304,744, of which 218,504 were rural and 86,240 were urban. There were 156,568 (51%) males and 148,176 (49%) females. Population below 6 years was 40,189. Scheduled Castes numbered 106,460 and Scheduled Tribes numbered 159.
As per 2001 census, Magrahat II block had a total population of 262,022, out of which 135,145 were males and 126,877 were females. Magrahat II block registered a population growth of 17.26% during the 1991-2001 decade. Decadal growth for South 24 Parganas district was 20.89%. Decadal growth in West Bengal was 17.84%. Scheduled castes at 98,469 formed over one-third the population. Scheduled tribes numbered 2,086.
Census towns and large villages
Census towns in Magrahat II CD Block (2011 census figures in brackets) are Dhamua (10,055), Shyampur (22,024), Nainan (6,772), Uttar Kalas (6,474), Dihi Kalas (11,494), Swangrampur (5,699), Bilandapur (6,330) and Magrahat (17,392).
Large villages in Magrahat II CD Block (2011 census figures in brackets) are Chak Parankanta Khali (7,864), Uttar Amratala (4,483), Hotar (4,155), Marjyada (4,021), Kuldia (4,653), Mirzapur (4,049), Uttar Radhanagar (6,070), Harisankarpur (11,887), Mamudpur (4,367), Dakshin Kashi (4,490), Bisheshwarpur (4,443), Urel Chandpur (4,668), Gokarni (8,022), Barat Kamdebpur (8,660), Multi (10,215), Ramchandranagar (10,881) and Jugdia (13,579).
Literacy
As per 2011 census the total number of literates in Magrahat II CD Block was 204,789 (77.41% of the population over 6 years) out of which 113,744 (55%) were males and 91,045 (45%) were females.
As per 2011 census, literacy in South 24 Parganas district was 77.51%. Literacy in West Bengal was 77.08% in 2011. Literacy in India in 2011 was 74.04%.
As per 2001 census, Magrahat II block had a total literacy of 67.24% for the 6+ age group. While male literacy was 77.89% female literacy was 55.85%. South 24 Parganas district had a total literacy of 69.45%, male literacy being 79.19% and female literacy being 59.01%.
See also - List of West Bengal districts ranked by literacy rate
Language
Bengali is the local language in these areas.
Religion
In the 2011 census Muslims numbered 152,412 and formed 50.01% of the population in Magrahat II CD Block. Hindus numbered 148,091 and formed 48.60% of the population. Others numbered 4,241 and formed 1.39% of the population. Amongst the others, Christians numbered 3,542.
In the 2011 census, Hindus numbered 5,155,545 and formed 63.17% of the population in South 24 Parganas district. Muslims numbered 2,903,075 and formed 35.57% of the population. In West Bengal Hindus numbered 64,385,546 and formed 70.53% of the population. Muslims numbered 24,654,825 and formed 27.01% of the population.
Human Development Report
According to the South 24 Parganas district Human Development Report it is an overwhelmingly rural district with 85% of the population living in rural areas. An analysis of the district's population shows that 33% of the district's population belongs to Scheduled Castes. While 65.86% of people are Hindus, 33.24% are Muslims. 86% of the population resided in the 29 CD Blocks. In 2005, more than 4 lakh households were identified as living below the poverty line, pushing the poverty ratio in the district to 34.11%, far above the state and national poverty ratios.
Magrahat II CD Block had a poverty ratio of 29.26% of the households in 2005. In standard of living it was thirteenth amongst all the 29 blocks. In infrastructure development it was eleventh amongst all CD Blocks. In Magrahat II, 15.59% households have access to electricity. The length of surfaced roads is 2.08 km per km2 area. The number of bank branches is 0.84 per 10,000 population. In Magrahat II, 45.09% of rural households are engaged as daily/ agricultural/ other physical labour, 15.91% are culivators, 19.47% are self-employed rural artisans/ hawkers, 8.14% are engaged in labour oriented regular jobs in the unorganised sector, and 11.40% are engaged in the organised sector or work as professionals.
As per 1991 census, while male literacy rate was 66.17% female literacy was 34.52% and there was a gender gap of 31.65% in Magrahat II. The CD Blocks are gradually catching up with the municipalities in matters of literacy. In 2006, Magrahat II had 23 secondary and higher secondary schools. All but one of them had libraries, but 17 did not have computer facilities.
In 2006, in Magrahat II for 132 villages there were 36 health sub-centres and three rural hospital/public health centres having 31 beds, with six medical officers, nine nurses, 53 health assistants and four pharmacists and technicians. 90.1% of the 374 habitations in Magrahat II CD Block had access to safe drinking water (including tube wells and tap water), 7.5% habitations were partly covered and 2.4% habitations were not covered.
References
Source of article : Wikipedia
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